Full AC analysis of value of DER to the grid and optimal DER scheduling

This paper presents part of the work ComEd and Quanta Technology have performed to quantify the locational and temporal value of DER to avoid distribution grid upgrade investments. It focuses on the formulation of a robust and efficient algorithm for DER optimal dispatch on a distribution feeder to mitigate the violation of current and voltage limits using the allocated cost of capacity and locational marginal value of real and reactive DER injection/withdrawal.     

基于熵权物元模型的长三角幸福河层次评价

将幸福河概念与长江三角洲区域一体化发展战略相结合，基于自然、人类社会、人水关系3个系统构建了包含24个指标的长三角幸福河层次评价指标体系；引入需求层次理论，以基础Ⅰ层次、基础Ⅱ层次、提升Ⅰ层次、提升Ⅱ层次、幸福层次5个层次作为幸福河的层次评价等级，运用熵权物元模型，建立了长三角幸福河层次评价模型，并对2018年长三角三省一市幸福河层次等级进行了评价。结果表明，三省一市均处于转化中的中间状态，其中江苏省向提升Ⅰ层次转化，浙江省、安徽省向提升Ⅱ层次转化，上海市向幸福层次转化，说明区域整体幸福河层次处于较高水平，但稳定性较差。     

Thermodynamic modeling of gas solubility in aqueous sodium chloride solution

An electrolyte Equation of State is presented by combining the Cubic Plus Association Equation of State,Mean Spherical Approximation and the Born equation.This new model uses experimental relative static permittivity,intend to predict well the activity coefficients of individual ions (ACI) and liquid densities of aqueous solutions.This new model is applied to model water + NaCl binary system and water + gas +NaCl ternary systems.The cation/anion-water interaction parameters of are obtained by fitting the exper-imental data of ACI,mean ionic activity coefficients (MIAC) and liquid densities of water + NaCl binary system.The cation/anion-gas interaction parameters are obtained by fitting the experimental data of gas solubilities in aqueous NaCl solutions.The modeling results show that this new model can correlate well with the phase equilibrium and volumetric properties.Without gas,predictions for ACI,MIAC,and liquid densities present relative average deviations of 1.3％,3.6％ and 1.4％ compared to experimental ref-erence values.For most gas-containing systems,predictions for gas solubilities present relative average deviations lower than 7.0％.Further,the contributions of ACI,and salting effects of NaCl on gases are ana-lyzed and discussed.     

Passivity‐based adaptive control of a 2‐DOF serial robot manipulator with temperature dependent joint frictions

Mechanical systems are always suffering from the effects of temperature dependent friction forces where the system is operated in a wide range of temperature. Temperature and its variation play an important role in friction force in mechanical systems. If it is not compensated, it will tend to unwanted consequences, including steady‐state errors, limit cycling, and hunting. Therefore, it is necessary to take the temperature effects into account. This has been a strong motivation for the researchers to work on temperature effects on joint friction. In this paper, an adaptive compensation (control) scheme is proposed and applied to a 2‐degree‐of‐freedom serial robot manipulator by taking the temperature effects into account on the joints friction. In the proposed control scheme, the temperature is not required to be sensed. In this paper, joint friction is described by LuGre dynamic model with temperature dependent parameters. These parameters are described by some functions with unknown temperature dependent terms. According to the mathematical and practical concepts, the temperature dependent friction is decomposed into a viscous term and a disturbance term. An adaptive controller is designed to compensate the friction effect and it is shown that the proposed controller relaxes the condition for a priori knowledge about the environment characteristics, including the upper and lower bounds of the environment temperature and the parameters of the functions, describing the temperature dependent joint frictions. The stability and convergence of the joint position and velocity are proved in the sense of Lyapunov and then the proposed method is confirmed by the simulations.     

Advances in statistical mechanics of rock masses and its engineering applications

To efficiently link the continuum mechanics for rocks with the structural statistics of rock masses,a theoretical and methodological system called the statistical mechanics of rock masses(SMRM)was developed in the past three decades.In SMRM,equivalent continuum models of stressestrain relationship,strength and failure probability for jointed rock masses were established,which were based on the geometric probability models characterising the rock mass structure.This follows the statistical physics,the continuum mechanics,the fracture mechanics and the weakest link hypothesis.A general constitutive model and complete stressestrain models under compressive and shear conditions were also developed as the derivatives of the SMRM theory.An SMRM calculation system was then developed to provide fast and precise solutions for parameter estimations of rock masses,such as full-direction rock quality designation(RQD),elastic modulus,Coulomb compressive strength,rock mass quality rating,and Poisson’s ratio and shear strength.The constitutive equations involved in SMRM were integrated into a FLAC3D based numerical module to apply for engineering rock masses.It is also capable of analysing the complete deformation of rock masses and active reinforcement of engineering rock masses.Examples of engineering applications of SMRM were presented,including a rock mass at QBT hydropower station in northwestern China,a dam slope of Zongo II hydropower station in D.R.Congo,an open-pit mine in Dexing,China,an underground powerhouse of Jinping I hydropower station in southwestern China,and a typical circular tunnel in Lanzhou-Chongqing railway,China.These applications verified the reliability of the SMRM and demonstrated its applicability to broad engineering issues associated with jointed rock masses.     

Influence of soil density on gas permeability and water retention in soils amended with in-house produced biochar

Biochar has been used as an environment-friendly enhancer to improve the hydraulic properties(e.g.suction and water retention) of soil.However,variations in densities alter the properties of the soil-biochar mix.Such density variations are observed in agriculture(loosely compacted) and engineering(densely compacted) applications.The influence of biochar amendment on gas permeability of soil has been barely investigated,especially for soil with diffe rent densities.The maj or obj ective of this study is to investigate the water retention capacity,and gas permeability of biochar-amended soil(BAS) with different biochar contents under varying degree of compaction(DOC) conditions.In-house produced novel biochar was mixed with the soil at different amendment rates(i.e.biochar contents of 0%,5% and 10%).All BAS samples were compacted at three DOCs(65%,80% and 95%) in polyvinyl chloride(PVC)tubes.Each soil column was subjected to drying-wetting cycles,during which soil suction,water content,and gas permeability were measured.A simplified theoretical framework for estimating the void ratio of BAS was proposed.The experimental results reveal that the addition of biochar significantly decreased gas permeability k_g as compared with that of bare soil(BS).However,the addition of 5%biochar is found to be optimum in decreasing kg with an increase of DOC(i.e.k_(g,65%) k_(g,80%) k_(g,95%)) at a relatively low suction range(200 kPa) because both biochar and compaction treatment reduce the connected pores.     

浓香型白酒窖泥放线菌的原位分离及代谢特性研究

以川南某浓香型白酒生产企业50年窖龄且发酵正常的窖泥为研究对象。通过高通量测序技术分析细菌群落结构以及放线菌群落结构,利用原位分离法从中分离得到2株放线菌,结合形态鉴定、生理生化和16S rRNA基因序列比对分析确定菌种属,并对其进行耐酸、耐乙醇特性研究,基于风味导向思路,分别对2株菌进行液态培养和固态培养,采用顶空固相微萃取法和气相色谱质谱联用对发酵挥发性产物进行分析,为放线菌的相关研究和应用提供理论参考。结果显示,放线菌在该窖泥样品含有较高操作分类单元(operational taxonomic unit,OTU),相对丰度达(10.7±3.4)%,且主要分布于链霉菌亚目(Streptomycineae)和科里氏杆菌亚目(Coriobacterineae)。采用原位分离法分离放线菌,将分离得到的2株菌编号为A1、A2,菌株A1鉴定为桑氏链霉菌(Streptomyces sampsonii),菌株A2鉴定为鲁地链霉菌(Streptomyces rutgersensis)。菌株A1、A2均可在pH>4.3或乙醇体积分数<6%的环境中生长。菌株A1在液态和固态发酵条件下都会产生大量土臭素以及萜烯类物质,菌株A2在液态条件下能产生多种酯类,其中己酸乙酯相对含量(5.384%)较高,而固态条件下能够检测出大量的3-羟基-2丁酮、2,3-丁二醇和吡嗪类物质。     

Hydrogen carriers: Production,transmission, decomposition,and storage

Recognizing the potential role of liquid hydrogen carriers in overcoming the inherent limitations in transporting and storing gaseous and liquid hydrogen, a complete production and use scenario is postulated and analyzed for perspective one-way and two-way carriers. The carriers, methanol, ammonia and toluene/MCH (methylcyclohexane), are produced at commercially viable scales in a central location, transmitted by rail or pipelines for 2000 miles, and decomposed near city gates to generate fuel-cell quality hydrogen for distribution to refueling stations. In terms of the levelized cost of H₂ distributed to the stations, methanol is less expensive to produce ($1.22/kg-H₂) than MCH ($1.35/kg-H₂) or ammonia ($2.20/kg-H₂). Levelized train transmission cost is smaller for methanol ($0.63/kg-H₂) than ammonia ($1.29/kg-H₂) or toluene/MCH system ($2.07/kg-H₂). Levelized decomposition cost is smaller for ammonia ($0.30–1.06/kg-H₂) than MCH ($0.54–1.22/kg-H₂) or methanol ($0.43–1.12/kg-H₂). Over the complete range of demand investigated, 10–350 tpd-H₂, the levelized cost of H₂ distributed to stations is aligned as methanol « ammonia ~ MCH. With pipelines at much larger scale, 6000 tpd-H₂, the levelized cost decreases by ~1 $/kg-H₂ for ammonia and MCH and much less for methanol. Methanol is a particularly attractive low-risk carrier in the transition phase with lower than 50-tpd H₂ demand.     

概念辨析：建筑评论的思辨实践

建筑评论是一项针对具体对象,将目之所及的事物背后不可视的背景、思想、价值判断、驱动力等,转化为可以言说、可以讨论、具有建筑学和文化社会意义的思辨性活动。[1]这项活动的基础工作之一是概念的辨析与运用。因此,在东南大学建筑学院开设的"建筑评论课",通过课程主题的组织,在帮助学生建立多维批评视野的同时,以概念辨析为切入点,通过基于精读、研究的写作训练,实现思辨性思维的培养、学术素养和写作的培训,以及对建筑评论和中国现当代建筑话语的理解。